Taking Photos with the Camera

Now for the fun part - adding the ability to take photos with the device’s camera using the Capacitor Camera API. We’ll begin with building it for the web, then make some small tweaks to make it work on mobile (iOS and Android).

To do so, we will create our own custom React hook that will manage the photos for the gallery.

注記

If you are not familiar with React Hooks, Introducing React Hooks from the official React docs is a good resource to start with.

Create a new file at src/hooks/usePhotoGallery.ts and open it up.

A custom hook is just a function that uses other React hooks. And that's what we will be doing! We will start by importing the various hooks and utilities we will be using from React core, the Ionic React Hooks project, and Capacitor:

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { isPlatform } from '@ionic/react';

import { Camera, CameraResultType, CameraSource, Photo } from '@capacitor/camera';
import { Filesystem, Directory } from '@capacitor/filesystem';
import { Preferences } from '@capacitor/preferences';
import { Capacitor } from '@capacitor/core';

Next, create a function named usePhotoGallery:

export function usePhotoGallery() {
  const takePhoto = async () => {
    const photo = await Camera.getPhoto({
      resultType: CameraResultType.Uri,
      source: CameraSource.Camera,
      quality: 100,
    });
  };

  return {
    takePhoto,
  };
}

Our usePhotoGallery hook exposes a method called takePhoto, which in turn calls into Capacitor's getPhoto method.

Notice the magic here: there's no platform-specific code (web, iOS, or Android)! The Capacitor Camera plugin abstracts that away for us, leaving just one method call - getPhoto() - that will open up the device's camera and allow us to take photos.

The last step we need to take is to use the new hook from the Tab2 page. Go back to Tab2.tsx and import the hook:

import { usePhotoGallery } from '../hooks/usePhotoGallery';

And right before the return statement in the functional component, get access to the takePhoto method by using the hook:

const Tab2: React.FC = () => {
  const { takePhoto } = usePhotoGallery();

  // snip - rest of code

Save the file, and if you’re not already, restart the development server in your browser by running ionic serve. On the Photo Gallery tab, click the Camera button. If your computer has a webcam of any sort, a modal window appears. Take a selfie!

(Your selfie is probably much better than mine)

After taking a photo, it disappears. We still need to display it within our app and save it for future access.

Displaying Photos

First we will create a new type to define our Photo, which will hold specific metadata. Add the following UserPhoto interface to the usePhotoGallery.ts file, somewhere outside of the main function:

export interface UserPhoto {
  filepath: string;
  webviewPath?: string;
}

Back at the top of the function (right after the call to usePhotoGallery, we will define a state variable to store the array of each photo captured with the Camera.

const [photos, setPhotos] = useState<UserPhoto[]>([]);

When the camera is done taking a picture, the resulting Photo returned from Capacitor will be stored in the photo variable. We want to create a new photo object and add it to the photos state array. We make sure we don't accidentally mutate the current photos array by making a new array, and then call setPhotos to store the array into state. Update the takePhoto method and add this code after the getPhoto call:

const fileName = Date.now() + '.jpeg';
const newPhotos = [
  {
    filepath: fileName,
    webviewPath: photo.webPath,
  },
  ...photos,
];
setPhotos(newPhotos);

Next, let's expose the photos array from our hook. Update the return statement to include the photos:

return {
  photos,
  takePhoto,
};

And back in the Tab2 component, get access to the photos:

const { photos, takePhoto } = usePhotoGallery();

With the photo(s) stored into the main array we can display the images on the screen. Add a Grid component so that each photo will display nicely as photos are added to the gallery, and loop through each photo in the Photos array, adding an Image component (<IonImg>) for each. Point the src (source) to the photo’s path:

<IonContent>
  <IonGrid>
    <IonRow>
      {photos.map((photo, index) => (
        <IonCol size="6" key={photo.filepath}>
          <IonImg src={photo.webviewPath} />
        </IonCol>
      ))}
    </IonRow>
  </IonGrid>
   <!-- <IonFab> markup  -->
</IonContent>

Save all files. Within the web browser, click the Camera button and take another photo. This time, the photo is displayed in the Photo Gallery!

Up next, we’ll add support for saving the photos to the filesystem, so they can be retrieved and displayed in our app at a later time.